Intangiriro y'ingingo:

NAD + ni ngombwa mu kurema imbaraga mu mubiri no kugenzura imikorere ya selile.Dore impamvu ari ngombwa, uko byavumbuwe, nuburyo ushobora kubona byinshi muri byo.

Ukuntu NAD + Ifite imbaraga

Fungura igitabo icyo aricyo cyose cyibinyabuzima uzamenya ibya NAD +, bisobanura nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.Ni coenzyme ikomeye iboneka muri buri selile yo mumubiri wawe igira uruhare mubikorwa byoguhindura amagana nkingufu za selile nubuzima bwa mito-iyambere.NAD + irakomeye kukazi mumasoko yabantu nizindi nyamabere, umusemburo na bagiteri, ndetse nibimera.

Abahanga bamenye ibya NAD + kuva yavumburwa bwa mbere mu 1906, kandi kuva icyo gihe twumva akamaro kayo yakomeje kwiyongera.Kurugero, NAD + precursor niacin yagize uruhare mukugabanya pellagra, indwara yica yibasiye amajyepfo ya Amerika mumyaka ya 1900.Muri icyo gihe abahanga bagaragaje ko amata n'umusemburo, byombi birimo NAD + ibanziriza, byagabanije ibimenyetso.Nyuma yigihe, abahanga bamenye NAD + ibanziriza - harimo aside nicotinike, nicotinamide, na nicotinamide riboside, nibindi - bifashisha inzira karemano ziganisha kuri NAD +.Tekereza kuri NAD + ibanziriza inzira zitandukanye ushobora gufata kugirango ugere iyo ujya.Inzira zose zikugeza ahantu hamwe ariko muburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara.

Vuba aha, NAD + yabaye molekile ihebuje mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse kubera uruhare runini mumikorere yibinyabuzima.Umuryango wubumenyi wagiye ukora ubushakashatsi kuburyo NAD + ifitanye isano ninyungu zigaragara ku nyamaswa zikomeje gushishikariza abashakashatsi guhindura abantu ibyo babonye.Nigute mubyukuri NAD + igira uruhare runini?Muri make, ni molekile ya coenzyme cyangwa "umufasha", ihuza indi misemburo kugirango ifashe gutera reaction kurwego rwa molekile.

Ariko umubiri ntugira iherezo rya NAD +.Mubyukuri, mubyukuri bigabanuka uko imyaka igenda.Amateka yubushakashatsi bwa NAD +, hamwe nubushakashatsi buherutse kuba mumuryango wubumenyi, byafunguye umwuzure abahanga kugirango bakore iperereza ku kubungabunga urwego rwa NAD + no kubona NAD + nyinshi.

Amateka ya NAD + ni ayahe?

NAD + yamenyekanye bwa mbere Sir Arthur Harden na William John Young mu 1906 igihe bombi bagamije gusobanukirwa neza na fermentation - aho umusemburo uhindura isukari ugatera inzoga na CO2.Byatwaye hafi imyaka 20 kugirango abantu benshi bamenyekane NAD +, ubwo Harden yasangiraga igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri Chimie 1929 na Hans von Euler-Chelpin kubikorwa byabo byo gusembura.Euler-Chelpin yagaragaje ko imiterere ya NAD + igizwe na nucleotide ebyiri, inyubako ya acide nucleic igizwe na ADN.Kubona ko fermentation, inzira ya metabolike, yashingiye kuri NAD + yashushanyaga ibyo tuzi kuri ubu NAD + igira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guhinduranya abantu.

Euler-Chelpin, mu ijambo rye ryahawe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mu 1930, yavuze ko NAD + ari cozymase, icyo yahoze yitwa, ivuga ko ifite imbaraga.Ati: "Impamvu yo gukora imirimo myinshi cyane yo kweza no kugena itegeko nshinga ry’iki kintu," ni uko cozymase ari umwe mu bantu bakwirakwizwa cyane kandi ku binyabuzima bifite akamaro kanini mu bimera n’inyamaswa. "

Otto Heinrich Warburg - uzwi ku izina rya “Warburg effect” - yateje imbere siyanse mu myaka ya za 1930, ubushakashatsi bukomeza busobanura NAD + igira uruhare mu myitwarire ya metabolike.Mu 1931, abahanga mu by'imiti Conrad A. Elvehjem na CK Koehn bagaragaje ko aside nicotinike, ibanziriza NAD +, ari yo nyirabayazana ya pellagra.Umuganga w’ubuzima rusange muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, Joseph Goldberger, yari yarabonye mbere ko indwara yica yari ifitanye isano n’ikintu cyabuze mu mirire, icyo gihe yise PPF “ikintu cyo kwirinda pellagra.”Goldberger yapfuye mbere yo kuvumburwa burundu ko ari aside nicotinike, ariko uruhare rwe rwatumye havumburwa, ari nabwo bwamenyesheje amategeko amaherezo ateganya gushimangira ifu n'umuceri ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Imyaka icumi yakurikiyeho, Arthur Kornberg, waje kwegukana igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel kubera kwerekana uko ADN na RNA byakozwe, byavumbuwe synthetase ya NAD, enzyme ikora NAD +.Ubu bushakashatsi bwaranze intangiriro yo gusobanukirwa ibyubaka NAD +.Mu 1958, abahanga Jack Preiss na Philip Handler basobanuye icyitwa inzira ya Preiss-Handler.Inzira yerekana uburyo aside nicotinike - ubwoko bumwe bwa vitamine B3 yafashaga gukiza pellagra - ihinduka NAD +.Ibi byafashije abahanga kurushaho gusobanukirwa uruhare rwa NAD + mumirire.Nyuma Handler yegukanye umudari w’ubumenyi w’igihugu na Perezida Ronald Reagan, wavuze ko Handler yagize uruhare rukomeye mu bushakashatsi bw’ibinyabuzima… guteza imbere ubumenyi bwa Amerika. ”

Mugihe abahanga bari bamaze kumenya akamaro ka NAD +, bari bataramenya ingaruka zikomeye kurwego rwa selire.Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse hamwe no kumenya neza akamaro ka coenzyme amaherezo yashishikarije abahanga gukomeza kwiga molekile.

Nigute NAD + ikora mumubiri?

NAD + ikora nka bisi itwara abagenzi, ikohereza electron kuva kuri molekile imwe ikajya mubindi muri selile kugirango ikore ibintu byose byerekana.Hamwe na molekuline yayo, NADH, iyi molekile yingenzi igira uruhare muburyo butandukanye bwo guhinduranya ibintu bitanga ingufu za selile.Hatariho urwego rwa NAD + ruhagije, selile zacu ntizishobora kubyara ingufu zose zo kubaho no gukora imirimo yazo.Ibindi bikorwa bya NAD + harimo kugenzura injyana yacu ya circadian, igenzura ibitotsi byumubiri / kubyuka.

Mugihe tugenda dusaza, urwego rwa NAD + rugabanuka, byerekana ingaruka zikomeye mumikorere ya metabolike n'indwara ziterwa n'imyaka.Kwangirika kwa ADN birundanya hamwe na ballball hamwe no gusaza.

Bigenda bite iyo urwego rwa NAD + rugabanutse?

Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana kugabanuka kwa NAD + murwego rwintungamubiri zahungabanye, nkumubyibuho ukabije, no gusaza.Kugabanuka murwego rwa NAD + birashobora gukurura ibibazo bijyanye na metabolism.Ibi bibazo birashobora gutera imvururu, harimo umubyibuho ukabije no kurwanya insuline.Umubyibuho ukabije utera diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.

Indwara ya metabolike iterwa na NAD + urwego rwo hasi caskade hasi.Umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso nibindi bikorwa byumutima bigabanuka birashobora kohereza ubwonko bwangiza ubwonko bushobora gutera ubumuga bwo kutamenya.

Kwibasira NAD + metabolism ni uburyo bufatika bwimirire mukurinda metabolike nizindi ndwara ziterwa nimyaka.Amatsinda menshi yakoze ubushakashatsi bwerekana kuzuza NAD + boosters iteza insuline kurwanya umubyibuho ukabije.Muburyo bwimbeba zindwara ziterwa nimyaka, kuzuza na NAD + boosters bizamura ibimenyetso byindwara.Ibi byerekana ko kugabanuka kwa NAD + hamwe nimyaka bishobora kugira uruhare mu gutangira indwara ziterwa nimyaka.

Kurinda kugabanuka kwa NAD + bitanga ingamba zitanga ikizere cyo kurwanya indwara ya metabolism hamwe nimyaka.Mugihe urwego rwa NAD + rugabanuka uko imyaka igenda ishira, ibi birashobora gutuma ADN igabanuka, ibisubizo byingirabuzimafatizo, hamwe no guhindura imbaraga za metabolism.

Inyungu Zishobora

NAD + ni ingenzi kubinyabuzima 'kubungabunga mitochondrial no kugenzura gene bijyanye no gusaza.Ariko, urwego rwa NAD + mumibiri yacu rugabanuka cyane uko imyaka igenda."Iyo tugenda dukura, tubura NAD +.Mugihe ufite imyaka 50, uba ufite kimwe cya kabiri cy'urwego wigeze kugira ufite imyaka 20, ”ibi bikaba byavuzwe na David Sinclair wo muri kaminuza ya Harvard.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko igabanuka rya molekile ifitanye isano n'indwara ziterwa n'imyaka harimo gusaza byihuse, indwara ziterwa na metabolike, indwara z'umutima, na neurodegeneration.Urwego rwo hasi rwa NAD + rufitanye isano n'indwara ziterwa n'imyaka kubera metabolism idakora neza.Ariko kuzuza urwego rwa NAD + byagaragaje ingaruka zo kurwanya gusaza mubyitegererezo byinyamanswa, byerekana ibisubizo bitanga umusaruro muguhindura indwara ziterwa nimyaka, kongera ubuzima nubuzima.

Gusaza

Azwi nka “abarinzi ba genome,” sirtuins ni gen zirinda ibinyabuzima, kuva ku bimera kugeza ku nyamaswa z’inyamabere, kwirinda kwangirika n'indwara.Iyo gen zumva umubiri ufite ibibazo byumubiri, nko gukora siporo cyangwa inzara, yohereza ingabo zo kurinda umubiri.Sirtuins ikomeza ubunyangamugayo bwa genome, iteza imbere gusana ADN kandi yerekanye ibintu bifitanye isano no kurwanya gusaza mu nyamaswa ntangarugero nko kongera ubuzima.

NAD + ni lisansi itwara genes gukora.Ariko nkimodoka idashobora gutwara idafite lisansi, sirtuins isaba NAD +.Ibisubizo bivuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana ko kuzamura urwego rwa NAD + mu mubiri bikora sirtuine kandi byongera igihe cyo kubaho mu musemburo, inyo, n'imbeba.Nubwo NAD + yuzuza yerekana ibisubizo bitanga umusaruro mubyitegererezo by'inyamaswa, abahanga baracyiga uburyo ibisubizo bishobora gusobanurira abantu.

Imikorere y'imitsi

Nka mbaraga z'umubiri, imikorere ya mito-iyambere ni ingenzi kumikorere yacu.NAD + nimwe murufunguzo rwo kubungabunga mitochondriya nzima no gusohora ingufu zihamye.

Kongera urwego rwa NAD + mumitsi birashobora kunoza mitochondriya hamwe nubuzima bwiza bwimbeba.Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekana kandi ko imbeba zifata NAD + zohejuru zinanutse kandi zishobora kwiruka kure kuri podiyumu, byerekana ubushobozi bwo gukora siporo.Inyamaswa zishaje zifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa NAD + ziruta urungano.

Indwara ya metabolike

Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima (OMS) watangajwe nk'icyorezo, umubyibuho ukabije ni imwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara muri sosiyete igezweho.Umubyibuho ukabije urashobora gutera izindi ndwara ziterwa na metabolike nka diyabete, yahitanye abantu miliyoni 1.6 ku isi mu 2016.

Gusaza no kurya amavuta menshi bigabanya urwego rwa NAD + mumubiri.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gufata NAD + bosters bishobora kugabanya imirire ijyanye nimirire hamwe nimyaka bijyanye no kongera ibiro byimbeba no kongera ubushobozi bwimyitozo ngororamubiri, ndetse no mu mbeba zashaje.Ubundi bushakashatsi bwanahinduye ingaruka za diyabete mu mbeba z’abagore, byerekana ingamba nshya zo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na metabolike.

Imikorere y'umutima

Ubworoherane bwimitsi ikora nka buffer hagati yumuvuduko wumuvuduko woherejwe numutima.Ariko imiyoboro irakomera uko dusaza, bigira uruhare mu muvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ibintu by'ingenzi bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima.CDC ivuga ko umuntu umwe apfa azize indwara z'umutima n'imitsi buri masegonda 37 muri Amerika yonyine.

Umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso urashobora gutera umutima munini no guhagarika imiyoboro iganisha ku bwonko.Kuzamura urwego rwa NAD + bitanga kurinda umutima, kunoza imikorere yumutima.Imbeba, NAD + booster zuzuza urwego rwa NAD + mumutima kurwego rwibanze kandi birinda ibikomere kumutima biterwa no kubura amaraso.Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko NAD + itera imbaraga zishobora kurinda imbeba kwaguka k'umutima bidasanzwe.

NAD + yongerera igihe cyo kubaho?

Yego rwose.Niba wari imbeba.Kongera NAD + hamwe na bosters, nka NMN na NR, birashobora kwongerera igihe cyo kubaho hamwe nubuzima bwimbeba.

Kwiyongera kurwego rwa NAD + bitanga ingaruka zoroheje hamwe no kongera igihe cyimbeba.Ukoresheje NAD + ibanziriza, NR, abahanga basanga mubushakashatsi bwasohotse muriUbumenyi, 2016, inyongera ya NR yongerera igihe imbeba ubuzima bwikigereranyo cya gatanu ku ijana.

Urwego rwa NAD + rwazamutse kandi rutanga uburinzi ku ndwara zitandukanye ziterwa n'imyaka.Kurinda indwara ziterwa n'imyaka bisobanura kubaho ubuzima bwiza igihe kirekire, kongera ubuzima.

Mubyukuri, bamwe mu bahanga barwanya gusaza nka Sinclair batekereza ko ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa bigenda neza ko bo ubwabo, bafata NAD + booster.Ariko, abandi bahanga nka Felipe Sierra wo mu kigo cyigihugu gishinzwe gusaza muri NIH ntibatekereza ko ibiyobyabwenge byiteguye.“Umurongo wo hasi ntabwo ngerageza na kimwe muri ibyo bintu.Kuki ntabikora?Kubera ko ntari imbeba ”.

Ku mbeba, gushakisha "isoko yubuto" bishobora kuba byarangiye.Ariko, kubantu, abahanga bemeza ko tutarahari rwose.Igeragezwa rya NMN na NR mubantu rishobora gutanga ibisubizo mumyaka mike iri imbere.

Kazoza ka NAD +

Mugihe "silver wave" igenda, igisubizo cyindwara zidakira ziterwa nimyaka kugirango zizamure ubuzima nubukungu byubukungu byihutirwa.Abahanga bashobora kuba barabonye igisubizo gishoboka: NAD +.

Yiswe “molekile y'igitangaza” kubushobozi bwo kugarura no kubungabunga ubuzima bw'utugingo ngengabuzima, NAD + yerekanye imbaraga zitandukanye mu kuvura indwara z'umutima, diyabete, Alzheimer, n'umubyibuho ukabije mu buryo bw'inyamaswa.Ariko, gusobanukirwa uburyo ubushakashatsi bwibikoko bushobora gusobanurira abantu nintambwe ikurikira kubashakashatsi kugirango umutekano wa molekile urusheho kugenda neza.

Abahanga bafite intego yo gusobanukirwa neza nuburyo bwibinyabuzima bwa molekile kandi ubushakashatsi kuri NAD + metabolism burakomeza.Ibisobanuro birambuye byuburyo bwa molekile birashobora guhishura ibanga ryo kuzana siyanse yo kurwanya gusaza kuva ku ntebe kugera kuryama.